A POSEIDON PROJECT

Greek Aegean Sea under Venetian, Genovese and Ottoman Occupation

1453-1821

Temporary Outline ( revised May 4, 1966)

1453.- Prologue. Life in the Aegean after the fall of Constantinople to Turks on the 29 of May, 1453. Observations on the Venetian trade in the Levant in the 14th century, Profits from Trade in Levant

1453 - 1456.- Efforts of Greeks to elicit the West against the Turks. Bessarion, Attempts for Crusade to liberate Constantinople, negative reaction of Charles VIII of France

1457 - 1463 Pope Pious B! supports war against Turks. Cardinal Bessarion visits Venice. Conference of European nations ambassadors to discuss a crusade at Mantua. Louis IA attempts to cancel crusade. Bessarion visits Germany, Crusaders assemble at Ancona.

1463 - 1464 Venice declares war against the Turks. Greeks are called to revolt. Lorentano traverses the Aegean uprising Christians against Turks. Revolt of Greeks in Peloponnise. Venetians abandon Greeks. Capelo conquers Imbros, Thasos, Samothrace, Piraeus and Athens.

1465 - 1472 Canali loots Greek coast. Mahmut Pasha in the Aegean. Canali is punished. Smyrna is bombarded by Montcheningo. 1474 - 1489 Lorentano loots Asia Minor shores. Suleiman attacks Limnos. Heroism of a Greek girl called Maroula. Seige of Navpaktos (Lepanto). Defeat of the Turks. Seige of Rhodes. The adventures of Zem, brother of Bayazid. Pope Alexander VI and Zem.

1492 - 1496 Charles H! plans to re-take Constantinople. Betrayal of Democracy of Venice. Turks prepare to evacuate Constantinople. Christian heads of European States conspire against Charles H!. Greek revolutionaries massacred. German Emperor makes plans for war against the Turks. Venice takes Zakynthos.

1499 - 1503 Sultan Bayazid begins war against Venice. Seige and fall of Navpaktos. Sea battle in Kylini. Grimani attacks Cefallonia. Bayazid's expedition in Peloponnise. Activity of Pezaro. Combined allied plans against the Turks. Plans of the Magistrate of Rhodes for war against the sultan. Seige of Lefkada. Peace achieved.

1505 - 1531 Efforts of Pope Julius B! and Louis IB! for crusade. Pope Leon I! works for war against Turks. Seige and fall of Rhodes. Unfortunate expedition of the knights of Rhodes. Discovery of conspiracy in Rhodes. Metropolitan Euthymios and prominent Greeks executed.

1532 - 1533 Doria takes Koroni, loots shores of Gulf of Corinth. Uprises Greeks to revolt, only to be abandoned again and massacred by the Turks. Turks retake Koroni, Greek population escape to Italy.

1537 - 1538 Sea battle at Paxi. Hureidin Barbarosa.Declaration of war against Venice. Seige of Kerkyra. Barbarosa pillages Kefallonia, Zakynthos, Kythira and takes nine islands. Seige of Nafplion and Monembasia. Alliance between Charles and Venice. Activities of Hureidin Barbarosa in the Aegean. Defeat of the allied fleet by Hureidin Fall of Castle Nuovo.

1540 - 1570 Venice makes peace with the sultan. Fall of Chios to Turks. Seige and fall of Cyprus.

1570 - 1571 Fall of Sopoto. Seige of Margaritio. Venieri takes the fort of Mani and pillages Andros. Attack of Ottoman admiral Uluj - Ali against Kerkyra. Alliance between Venice, the king of Spain and Pope. Destruction of Turkish fleet in Navpaktos. Looting of Apokorona, Zakynthos, Kefallonia. Seige and fall of Sopoto. Seige of Kattaron and attack against Kerkyra.

1571 Surrender of Margarition and seige of Lefkada. Massacres in the Aegean and Mount Athos. The Metropolitans of Thessaloniki and Patras are burned on the fire pile. Correspondence between Sultan Selim and Don Juan. Uluj - Ali. Disagreement of allies.

1573 - 1585 Sultan and Venice agree to peace. Greeks betrayed by the West turn for help to Russia. Revolt in Cyprus.

1588 - 1603 Toscani fleet liberates Chios. Demands of the house of Savoy on Cyprus.Cypriots request help from Dukes of Savoy against the Turks for 87 years.

1603 - 1606 Toscanians, Napolitans and Maltise raid Greece. Attempt to liberate Cyprus and Pylos. Piracy in the Aegean. Revolution simmers among the Greeks.

1609 - 1624 Rebellion of Maniates. Duke Neber works for revolt in Greece.

1616 - 1620 Revolt in Trikki led by Metropolitan Dionysios and his death. Martyrdom of Archbishop Fanariou and Neohoriou Serafeim.

1645 - 1669 War in Crete. Analysis of poem by Tzane Bouniali describing the war. Maniates as pirates.

1686 Liberation of the two Navarinos, Methoni, Thermision and Navplion. Celebrations for Morosini's victories.Greeks of Patra and Karytaina swear allegianceto the Venetian Democracy.

1687 Morosini occupies Patras, Hloumoutsi, Rio and Antirio, Navpaktos and Corinth. Turks leave Peloponnesos. The Venetian Senate gives to Morosini the title of Peloponnecian.

1688 Shipwreck of Zagouris. Ancient monuments in Athens avoid destruction. Sacrilege of Morozini on Acropolis. Destruction of Wingless Victory. Venetians abandon Athens. Seige of Halkis Blockade of Karystos. Retreat of Venetians. Sultan sends Alexander Mavrokordatos to ask for peace.

1689 - 1692 Seige of Hania, Crete. Seige of Navpaktos.

1693 - 1695 Doge Frangisko Morozini becomes supreme commander. Fortification of Aegena, Salamis, Spetsai and Hydra. Death of Morozini in Nafplion. The fall of Chios and its recupture by the Venetians.

1696 - 1699 Sea battle between Andros and Giouron. Metsomortos attacks Tinos. Pillage of Tinos. Sea battle in area between Kea and Karystos. Dolfinos pursues Metsomorto and taxes Thasos. Samothrace and Imbros. Peace of Karlovitz.

1699 - 1700 Greece as viewed by the West at the beginning of 17th century.

1701 - 1762 Kerkyra under seige by the Turks. Greeks turn to Russia for help. Empresses Anna and Elizabeth.

1765 - 1768 Empress Cathrine B!, Gregory Orlof and his plans for the throne of Byzantium. Brothers Alexios and Theodore Orlof come to Greece. Russian fleet comes to the Aegean. Maniates build Greek community in Florida.

1769 - 1770 The spirit of revolution alive in Greece. Russian fleet arrives at Oitylo. Dispute between Maniates and Russians. Greek embassy in Petroupolis. Enthousiasm for revolution among people of the seven Ionian Sea islands. Zakynthians and Cefallonians set seige at Pyrgos and Patras. Arguments between Theodore Orlof and Mavromihalis. Alexios Orlof wants Greeks to make obeisance to Cathrine the Great.

1770 Second Russian flottila arrives in Greece under Elfinston. Heroic death of Ioannis Mavromihalis at Nisi (Messini). Russians are unwelcome in Methoni. Greeks are abandoned by Russians. Papazolis, Benakis. Sea battle at Tsesme. Russian fleet at Smyrni. Elfington crosses Hellispond. Seige of Limnos Tot fortifies Hellispond. Hasan liberates Limnos. Russian fleet in the Aegean Sea.

1770 - 1780 Pirates. Mitromaras. Maniates. Sfakianoi. Psarianoi. Hasan Tzezairlis saves the Greeks from disaster. 1782 - 1792 Katherine and Joseph B! of Austria plan for the destruction of the Ottoman Empire. Katherine makes plans for Greek revolution Lambros Katsonis and his achievements. Greek Embassy in Petroupolis. Katsonis protests against peace. Reorganizes Greek revolution and is attacked in Maniby the French - Turkish fleet. Porte is demanding Katsonis and his followers be turned over and all other refugees who have found asylum in Venice.

1789 - 1807 French Revolution begins. French in Eptanisa. Turkish - Russian alliance. Napoleon attempts to talk Sultan into breaking alliance with Russia. English - Russian alliance against Turkey. English fleet in the Hellispond threatens Constantinople.

1807 Seige of Lavkada. Hydra revolts. Hydra pirates-revolutionaries. Sianabin's adjutant arrives at Psara. Sianavin takes Tenedos and defeats Seid Ali. Armistice between Russia and Turkey. Greeks are abandoned to the mad revenge of the Turks. Voulgaris returns to Hydra. Aegean is filled with pirates.

1808 - 1821 To be continued