Constantine P. Cavafy

Constantine P. Cavafy, (1863 - 1933), one of the most prominent poets of the twentieth century, was a Greek of Alexandria. His legacy lives on today, not only in his works, which have been translated into many languages, but in his home, which has been converted into a Museum reflecting the atmosphere and surroundings of the author's time. The portraits in the following text are included by kind permission of the Cavafy Museum, Alexandria.

The Cavafy Museum, Alexandria

Constantine Cavafy was born in 1863, in Alexandria, Egypt, where he lived most of his life.

The apartment where he spent his last 35 years, in Lepsius Street - now renamed "Charm El Sheik" after the site at the entrance of the Bay of Aquaba, has been made over into a museum honoring the life and works of the great Alexandrian poet.

After Cavafy's death in 1933, his apartment was turned into a cheap hostel. A museum of sorts was later created on the upper floor of the Greek Consulate General within the Hellenic Quarter of Chatby, Alexandria.

Although the poet's furniture had all been sold by his heirs, his library was saved by the eminent Cavafologist Prof. George Savidis.

The Cavafy International Committee leased the poet's apartment in 1991 and the Cavafy Museum opened to the public on November 16th 1992.

With the help of Cavafy's friends, the apartment has been given some of the "atmosphere" of his life - photographs were used to help in the reconstruction of the furniture and the general surroundings.

The Cavafy Museum contains a wide range of bibliographical material, translations of Cavafy's poetry in 20 languages by 40 different scholars, and most of the 3,000 articles and works written about his poetry.

Tribute is also paid to the important personalities influenced by the Poet - a room in the house is dedicated to the author Stratis Tsirkas.

The Alexandria of Cavafy's time was very different to the city we know today -a city we see depicted in his works, but also in those of E.M. Forster, Lawrence Durell, and Stratis Tsirkas.

The poet lived in an area sandwiched between the red-light Attarin neighbourhood and the bustling commercial centre of a city recognised as the crossroads of civilization - what Cavafy himself called the "capital of memories". Cavafy's home was situated between the Greek Orthodox Patriarchate, the Greek Hospital and the bordellos of the City, characterised by the poet as "The Temple of the Soul" , "the Temple of the Body" and "the Temple of the Flesh".

A place of pilgrimage even before its transformation into a museum, Cavafy's last home is considered a "must" for all visitors to Alexandria.

The Cavafy Museum is run under the auspices of the Cultural Section of the Greek Embassy in Cairo and is open Tues -Sun 10.00 - 15.00, Thurs & Sun 10.00 - 17.00 For further information tel: ++ 203 4825205-4821598

Give Back the Elgin Marbles

In the number for March the "Nineteenth Century" has published under the heading of "The Joke about the Elgin Marbles" an article which is in one sense remarkable.

The readers of the "Rivista" are doubtless aware of the recent movement in England in favour of restoring to Greece the marbles which some 80 years ago were seized and removed from the Acropolis by Lord Elgin on the plea that he would take greater care of them.

The learned and eloquent Mr. Frederic Harrison advocated the restitution in his article "Give back the Elgin Marbles", in the "Nineteenth Century". I will not dwell on the merits of Mr Harrison's article, beyond to remark that all his statements and arguments are well-founded, besides being generous; but strange to say, some people consider generosity incompatible with common sense.

The article, "The joke about the Elgin Marbles", is written by the Editor of the "Nineteenth Century", Mr James Knowles, and purports to answer Mr Harrison. According to Mr Knowles, Mr Harrison is not in earnest; his article is merely a test of his countrymen's sense of humour and a specimen of the art of the modern demagogue, who finds arguments in support of any theory.

Such is the opinion of Mr. Knowles. He appears to be thoroughly convinced, which is not unimportant – it being thus certain that his doctrine has at least one follower. But the impartial reader will differ, I think, from Mr. Knowles in spite of his fervency of faith which, it is commonly believed, is catching. His article is at once ungenerous and poor in argument. Aridity in style and prolixity of cheap wit render its perusal a heavy task even for those to whom the restitution of the Elgin Marbles is of direct interest – I mean the true friends of Hellas and of the unity of Hellenic tradition.

images/' '.jpg Under the influence of his excitement – for I do not doubt that the article was written in a moment of mental paroxysm -- Mr. Knowles makes the most audacious statements. He extols the vandalic act of Elgin, and his gratitude is so great that he would fain give Elgin a place amongst the benefactors of mankind – δίος ανήρ, καλός καγαθός ανήρ.

He vilifies Byron. He associates the carrying away of the marbles with the glorious victories of Nelson. He thinks that if the marbles are restored, Gibraltar, Malta, Cyprus, India must be given away also – forgetting that if those possessions are necessary to British trade and to the dignity and safety of the British Empire, the Elgin Marbles serve no other purpose than that of beautifying the British Museum.

He regards as trivial Mr. Harrison's remark that the climate of Bloomsbury is injurious to the sculptures and expresses the fear that, if handed over to Greece, they may be destroyed "any day in the next great clash of the Eastern question" – forgetting that wisdom dictates the remedy of present evils before guarding against future ills. He observes that were Mr. Harrison's advice followed "and what we hold in trust given back to Greece, how soon might not one of its transitory governments yield to the offer of a million sterling from Berlin, or two millions sterling from New York – or for dividing and scattering them among many such buyers."

This is a grave imputation on the character of Greek statesmen, and rests on no foundation of fact. To the best of my knowledge the "transitory" or other governments of Greece have taken the utmost care in their power of ancient monuments; they have made laws prohibiting illegal traffic in Greek antiquities; and they have established several well-stocked and well-managed museums.

He appears to question the claim to the marbles of "the mixed little population which now lives upon the ruins of ancient Greece" – which is treading on slippery ground as, although I know nothing of Mr. Knowles' ability in historical criticism, it is doubtful whether he is able to prove a theory, in attempting to support which even the renowned Fallmerayer failed. Mr. Knowles states also the financial part of the question.

He says that Lord Elgin in all spent £74,000 and that the mere cash value of the marbles is at the present moment reckoned in millions. A very advantageous venture! -- and so many millions' loss to Greece. But I will transcribe no more of the remarks of the Editor of the "Nineteenth Century". It is not clear to me what motive prompted him to write this article; whether solicitude for the artistic wealth of his country or mere literary "cacoethia scribendi"? If the former, it ought to be borne in mind that it is not dignified in a great nation to reap profit from half-truths and half-rights; honesty is the best policy, and honesty in the case of the Elgin marbles means restitution. If the latter, and he wrote merely in order to outrival the eloquent, clever and sensible argument of Mr. Harrison, it is much to be regretted that he did not consider the great French author's wise warning: "Qui court aprθs l'esprit attrape la sottise".

C.F. Cavafy
Published in Rivista Quindicinalen, 10 April 1891.
(This article is taken from "Cavafy's Prose - Presentation and Comment" by G.A. Papoutsakis, Published by G. Fexis, Athens 1963)