
        The Byzantine Konstantinato - Another project published by our member volunteers!
      
  
    
    The Byzantine Konstantinato
  
  
 The International Currency of the Middle Ages -  a paper by Elizabeth Kosmetatou 
  
      Konstantinato - The International Currency of the Middle Ages (Updated) 
      
      
        - Justinian I - Follis
 
        - Michael III - Semissis
 
        - Michael VII - Histamenon
 
        - Michael VII - Tetarteron
 
        - Michael VII - Electrum
 
        - Michael III - Hyperpyron
 
        - Constantine IV Pogonatus - Hexagram
 
        - Basil I - Miliaresion
 
        - John V Palaiologos - Stavraton
 
        - Constantine XI Palaiologos - 1/8 Stavraton
 
        - Justinian I - Bronze Follis
 
        - Constantine I - Gold Solidus
 
      
      
        
      
      
        Justinian I - Follis
        
        
          - Justinian I Follis AE (copper)=40 Noumia, 23.43 grams
 
          - Mint of Nicomedia (A.D. 538-539)
 
          - Obverse: Emperor Justinian I
 
          - Reverse: M (=40 Noumia)
 
        
      
      
        
      
      
        Michael III - Semissis
        
        
          - Michael III, Semissis (=half a konstantinato), 4.31 grams Mint of Syracuse (A.D. 842-866)
 
          - Obverse: Christ. Above his head the legend: MIXAHL
 
          - Reverse: Head of emperor Michael III
 
        
      
      
        
      
      
        Michael - VII Histamenon
        
        
          - Michael VII, Histamenon, 4.31 grams
 
          - Mint of Constantinople (A.D. 1071-1078)
 
          - Obverse: Christ
 
          - Reverse: The emperor Michael VII holding sceptre on the right and globe on the left hand.
 
        
      
      
        
      
      
        Michael VII - Tetarteron
        
        
          - Michael VII, Tetarteron, Class II, 4.00 grams
 
          - Mint of Constantinople (A.D. 1071-1078)
 
          - Obverse: Virgin Mary with Christ
 
          - Reverse: The Imperial couple: Michael VII and Maria.
 
        
      
      
        
      
      
        Michael VII - Electrum
        
        
          - Michael VII, Tetarteron, Class II, 4.00 grams
 
          - Mint of Constantinople (A.D. 1071-1078)
 
          - Obverse: Virgin Mary with Christ
 
          - Reverse: The Imperial couple: Michael VII and Maria.
 
        
      
      
        
      
      
        Michael VIII - Hyperpyron
        
        
          - Michael VIII, Hyperpyron, Class IIIC Tetarteron, 4.00 grams 
 
          - Mint of Constantinople (A.D. 1261-1282)
 
          - Obverse: Virgin Mary
 
          - Reverse: The Imperial couple
 
        
      
      
        Constantine IV Pogonatus - Hexagram
        
        
          - Constantine IV, Hexagram AR (silver), 6.02 grams 
 
          - Mint of Constantinople
 
          - Obverse: Helmeted and cuirassed bust facing slightly right, holding spear and shield
 
          - Reverse: Cross potent on three steps flanked by Heraclius and Tiberius
 
        
      
      
        Basil I - Miliaresion
        
        
          - Basil I, Miliaresion AR (silver), 2.93 grams 
 
          - Mint of Constantinople (A.D. 868-879)
 
          - Obverse: Cross
 
          - Reverse: Legend
 
        
      
      
        John V Palaiologos - Stavraton
        
        
          - John V Palaiologos, Stavraton AR (silver), 8.24 grams 
 
          - Mint of Constantinople (A.D. 1379-1391)
 
          - Obverse: Christ
 
          - Reverse: Emperor John V Palaiologos - IW DECPOTIC O PALAEOLOGOC, QV XAPIT BACILEVC POMAION
 
        
      
      
        Constantine XI Palaiologos - 1/8 Stavraton
        
        
          - Constantine XI Palaiologos, 1/8 Stavraton AR (silver), 0.63 grams 
 
          - Mint of Constantinople (A.D. 1448-1453)
 
          - Obverse: Christ Pantocrator, with cruciform nimbus, holding book of Gospels
 
          - Reverse: Crowned bust of Emperor Constantine XI Palaiologos
 
        
      
      
        Justinian I, 527-565 AD
        
        
          - Large bronze follis, struck year 22 of his reign
 
          - Mint of Constantinople (A.D. 1071-1078)
 
          - Obverse: His helmeted, cuirassed bust facing, holding globus cruciger, cross over shoulder
 
          - Reverse: Cross above, gamma within, CON below
 
        
      
      
        Constantine I - Gold Solidus
        
        
          - Constantine I Solidus (24 carat gold), 4.41 grams Mint of Sirmium (A.D. 324-325)
 
          - Mint of Sirmium (A.D. 324-325)
 
          - Obverse: Diademed head of Constantine looking upward
 
          - Reverse: Seated Victory facing left and holding a small winged Victory on her right and a cornucopiae on her left hand
 
        
      
      
         (See also original by Elizabeth Kosmetatou)
      
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