Graikos & Ellnvas

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To parakatw keimeno to egrapse h Elizabeth Kosmetatou, se apanthsh twn pollwn erwthsewn pou exoume se ayto to 9ema. Oi parathrhseis einai basismenes se phges apo keimena pou brhke sth biblio9hkh:

Date: Thu, 1 Oct 1998

Graikos kai Ellnvas

Greece: H le3n autn pronl0e apo to "Graikos". 0a grapsw omws perissotera gia auto. Arxika avaferotav se orismeves npeirwtikes fyles pou katoikousav kovta stn Dwdwvn (blepe Aristotelous, Meteorologika, I.14). Argotera egive syvwvymn tou Ellnva kai avaferetai apo tous parakatw syggrafeis kai vtokoumevta: Pario Marmaro' Apollodwro (Biblio0nkn, I.7.3), le3iko tou Souida,  Kallimaxo (se apospasma pou avaferei o Strabwv sta Gewgrafika tou, I.46 kai 5.216), apo to Lykofrova (deuteros aiwvas p.X.' Ale3avdra, 605), tov Ale3avdro tov Polyistora (teln deuterou-prwtos aiwvas p.X.' Aitia, apospasma 2). Apo tous Ellnves n le3n perase stous Rwmaious kai apo kei se alles glwsses plnv tns ellnvikns kai tns lativikns.

Apo tous Byzavtivous syggrafeis, tn le3n avaferouv: o Stefavos Byzavtios pou eznse stnv Kwvstavtivoupoln tov 6o aiwva m.X. (sygxrovos tou Ioustiviavou). Avaferei tn le3n "Grakaoi" sto ergo tou "E0vika-Arkadia", 50.6. Tn le3n avaferei kai to Etymologicum Magnum (le3iko tou 9ou-10ou aiwva m.X.) kai malista leei oti ypnrxe kai paraf0armevn morfn tns "Raikoi" pou tn xrnsimopoiousav oi "barbaroi". Na e3ngnsw giati: Stnv arxaiotnta, to gramma "ro" ntav dasy kai oi le3eis pou arxizav apo "ro" epairvav daseia, pou ypodnlwve bebaia oti proferovtav me eva apalo "x". P.x. n le3n "Elevn" 0a proferotav "Xelevn" (oxi opws xelwva omws pou grafotav me "x"), opws peripou snmera proferoume to "Helen" sta agglika. 0a paratnrnses bebaia oti oles oi ellnvikes le3eis pou pairvouv daseia kai perasav sta agglika (kai se alles glwsses, alla oxi se oles, p.x. oxi sta italika) grafovtai me "H". Epeidn loipov oi legomevoi "barbaroi" mperdeuovtav stnv profora, n akoma epeidn n proswdiakn profora eixe ndn arxisei va f0ivei kata tous Byzavtivous xrovous, mplekovtav o kosmos kai egrafav lav0asmeva "Raikoi" me daseia, e3iswvovtas to "G" me tn daseia.

H le3n "Grakoi" avaferetai kai apo tov Eusta0io (12os aiwvas m.X.), episkopo 0essalovikns (890.14), ka0ws kai apo to Fwtio (Biblio0nkn, 480.15).

Na e3ngnsw telos ta my0ologika tns le3ns: Oi fyles twv Graikwv tns Hpeirou isxyrizovtav oti katagovtav apo tov nrwa Graiko pou ntav, leei, gios tou Dia kai tns Pavdwras, korns tou Deukaliwva (mnv tnv mperdeuete me tnv Pavdwra tou Epimn0ea pou ntav koukla ftiagmevn apo tous 0eous). Tnv plnroforia autn tnv pairvoume apo tov Hsiodo, Katalogoi (?), apospasma 24 kai tnv exei ypopsn tou kai o Aristotelns (Meteorologika, I.14). Symfwva me alles pnges (Lydos, De mens. I. 13, p. 7.22 W kai Stefavos Byzavtios), Graikos ntav eva apo ta ovomata tou Ellnva, tou giou tou Deukaliwva kai patriarxn twv Ellnvwv.

Twra n le3n "Ellas" (Hellas). Pame sta etymologika tns: n le3n proerxetai mallov apo to "selas" (fws), opws leei o Curtius (Gr. Etym.) kai opws symfwvouve mallov oloi oi filologoi basismevoi stous paramatw syggrafeis:

Kai pali n le3n faivetai va syvdeetai me tnv perioxn tns Dwdwvns stnv Hpeiro (Sxolia stnv omnrikn Iliada, 21.194' Aristotelns, Meteorologika. I.14.352a). To apospasma tou Aristoteln leei kata le3n oti:

"O kaloumevos epi Deukaliwvos kataklysmos egeveto peri Ellada tnv arxaiav' autn d' estiv n peri Dwdwvnv. Wkouv gar oi Selloi evtau0a kai oi kaloumevoi tote mev Graikoi, vyv de Ellnves".

Nomizw oti dev xreiazeste metafrasn, eukolo eivai. Faivetai loipov oti oi Graikoi ovomazovtav kai Selloi kai telika edwsav to ovoma tous sto my0ologiko nrwa, gio tou Deukaliwva, tov Ellnva n Graiko. Stnv arxaiotnta oi Ellnves protimousav to "Ellnves". Oi Lativoi gia kapoio logo protimnsav to "Graikos". Telika perase to "Graikos" stis 3eves glwsses kai gia auto to logo exoume Greece, Grece, Griechenland, Griekenland, Grecia, ktl. Ws gvwstov, oi "filoi" kai geitoves (Tourkoi) protimouv to Yunanistan kai Yunan, ta opoia fysika proerxovtai apo to Iwvia kai Iwv.

Liza


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