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The Byzantine Konstantinato
The International Currency of the Middle Ages - a paper by Elizabeth Kosmetatou
Konstantinato - The International Currency of the Middle Ages (Updated)
- Justinian I - Follis
- Michael III - Semissis
- Michael VII - Histamenon
- Michael VII - Tetarteron
- Michael VII - Electrum
- Michael III - Hyperpyron
- Constantine IV Pogonatus - Hexagram
- Basil I - Miliaresion
- John V Palaiologos - Stavraton
- Constantine XI Palaiologos - 1/8 Stavraton
- Justinian I - Bronze Follis
- Constantine I - Gold Solidus
- Justinian I Follis AE (copper)=40 Noumia, 23.43 grams
- Mint of Nicomedia (A.D. 538-539)
- Obverse: Emperor Justinian I
- Reverse: M (=40 Noumia)
- Michael III, Semissis (=half a konstantinato), 4.31 grams Mint of Syracuse (A.D. 842-866)
- Obverse: Christ. Above his head the legend: MIXAHL
- Reverse: Head of emperor Michael III
- Michael VII, Histamenon, 4.31 grams
- Mint of Constantinople (A.D. 1071-1078)
- Obverse: Christ
- Reverse: The emperor Michael VII holding sceptre on the right and globe on the left hand.
- Michael VII, Tetarteron, Class II, 4.00 grams
- Mint of Constantinople (A.D. 1071-1078)
- Obverse: Virgin Mary with Christ
- Reverse: The Imperial couple: Michael VII and Maria.
- Michael VII, Tetarteron, Class II, 4.00 grams
- Mint of Constantinople (A.D. 1071-1078)
- Obverse: Virgin Mary with Christ
- Reverse: The Imperial couple: Michael VII and Maria.
- Michael VIII, Hyperpyron, Class IIIC Tetarteron, 4.00 grams
- Mint of Constantinople (A.D. 1261-1282)
- Obverse: Virgin Mary
- Reverse: The Imperial couple
Constantine IV Pogonatus - Hexagram
- Constantine IV, Hexagram AR (silver), 6.02 grams
- Mint of Constantinople
- Obverse: Helmeted and cuirassed bust facing slightly right, holding spear and shield
- Reverse: Cross potent on three steps flanked by Heraclius and Tiberius
- Basil I, Miliaresion AR (silver), 2.93 grams
- Mint of Constantinople (A.D. 868-879)
- Obverse: Cross
- Reverse: Legend
John V Palaiologos - Stavraton
- John V Palaiologos, Stavraton AR (silver), 8.24 grams
- Mint of Constantinople (A.D. 1379-1391)
- Obverse: Christ
- Reverse: Emperor John V Palaiologos - IW DECPOTIC O PALAEOLOGOC, QV XAPIT BACILEVC POMAION
Constantine XI Palaiologos - 1/8 Stavraton
- Constantine XI Palaiologos, 1/8 Stavraton AR (silver), 0.63 grams
- Mint of Constantinople (A.D. 1448-1453)
- Obverse: Christ Pantocrator, with cruciform nimbus, holding book of Gospels
- Reverse: Crowned bust of Emperor Constantine XI Palaiologos
- Large bronze follis, struck year 22 of his reign
- Mint of Constantinople (A.D. 1071-1078)
- Obverse: His helmeted, cuirassed bust facing, holding globus cruciger, cross over shoulder
- Reverse: Cross above, gamma within, CON below
- Constantine I Solidus (24 carat gold), 4.41 grams Mint of Sirmium (A.D. 324-325)
- Mint of Sirmium (A.D. 324-325)
- Obverse: Diademed head of Constantine looking upward
- Reverse: Seated Victory facing left and holding a small winged Victory on her right and a cornucopiae on her left hand
(See also original by Elizabeth Kosmetatou)
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